Frances Grebel John Emmanuel. Race relations, the personalities of the two men, their work together, the state of medical research … are accurately presented in the movie. This is a dramatic way of raising this issue. To recreate heart defects and to develop surgical treatments for those defects. Another (so far as we can tell) fictional scene is the final scene with Dr. Blalock. Harold contended that change in society didn’t occur unless people made the changes happen. Describe the two reasons why Mr. Thomas operated on the hearts of dogs in Dr. Blalock’s research laboratory when he was preparing for the blue baby operations. Black doctors cared for the sick. They worked together at Johns Hopkins from 1940 until Dr. Blalock’s retirement in 1963. He retired in 1979 and was awarded emeritus status. One of the most important ethical obligations for a doctor is to make sure that his or her treatments do no harm. 2. From the standpoint of Dr. Blalock’s responsibility as a friend to Mr. Thomas, does the answer matter? One of their four children was Helen B. Taussig (1898–1986), a noted pediatrician and cardiologist. Parenting Points Nor did Dr. Blalock permit Mr. Thomas to play a role as a social equal outside of the lab. This did not extend to outside the laboratory, but Thomas felt that the blue baby operations were so important that it should have. Separately, each of these individuals was brilliant. Benefits of the Movie In the 2004 HBO movie Something the Lord Made, Dr. Taussig was portrayed by Mary Stuart Masterson. Dr. Blalock gave Vivien Thomas that opportunity. Dr. Taussig quickly went to Europe and determined that the claims of a link between the birth defects and thalidomide were most likely genuine. Who do you agree with? It was her only chance. Was the blue baby surgery performed by Dr. Blalock full open heart surgery? Physician Helen Brooke Taussig discovered a surgical procedure for treating "blue babies." But I think we should remember not what we lost but what we’ve done … all the lives we saved and we did. However, Vivien Thomas was luckier than he thought. Mr. Thomas might have had to leave his job as Dr. Blalock’s research assistant. Helen Taussig. In addition, what Dr. Blalock did for Mr. Thomas was much more than most Southerners would have done for a young black high school graduate in period 1930 – 1960. It shows doctors from different disciplines cooperating to make an important medical breakthrough and describes a pivotal time in the development of heart surgery. These procedures have saved tens of thousands of lives world-wide. Helen Taussig was born on May 24, 1898 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA as Helen Brooke Taussig. Vivien Thomas fully participated in developing the blue baby operations, but he was not given credit for his contribution nor was he acknowledged to be a leading instructor of surgery for more than three decades. Johns Hopkins University named the "Helen B. Taussig Children's Pediatric Cardiac Center" in her honor, and in 2005 the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine named one of its four colleges in her honor. That case established that black teachers had to be paid the same amount as white teachers for the same work. in 1921 from the University of California and her M.D. Why was cardiac surgery referred to as the “Mount Everest” of medicine before November of 1944? On November 19, 1944, as the Second World War raged in Europe, and after years of preparatory work performed primarily by Vivien Thomas, Dr. Blalock operated on a baby near death from blue baby syndrome. The party scenes have been transformed from a birthday party for Dr. Blalock to which Mr. Thomas was not invited to a dinner celebrating the blue baby operations. Helen Brooke Taussig (May 24, 1898 – May 20, 1986) was an American cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. Partners of the Heart by Vivien Thomas, p. 102. Historically (and until 1945), Harvard had allowed women to take a course or two, but not get a medical degree. Vivien Thomas never left Blalock’s employ. It played a large and probably a primary role in preventing Mr. Thomas and others from demanding that Mr. Thomas have the opportunity to go to college and later get a medical degree. However, Dr. Blalock never fully acknowledged his assistant’s contribution and claimed the results of Mr. Thomas’ creativity as Blalock’s own. It was Dr. Helen Taussig, a Hopkins cardiologist, who came to Blalock and Thomas looking for help for the cyanotic babies she was seeing. Open heart surgery is any surgery in which the chest wall is opened to reveal the heart. The message of the movie on this topic is so obvious it doesn’t need any explication. U.S. physicians were only beginning to prescribe it. When Dr. Blalock was offered the post of chief surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1941, he insisted that a job be offered to his research assistant as well. 25. These films describe the unique and productive association between Vivien Thomas, a black high school graduate, and his white mentor and employer, Dr. Alfred Blalock. Viewing the young man as a person, rather than as just another black janitor, Dr. Blalock encouraged him to develop his skills as a scientist and as a surgeon. Federal deposit insurance was a reform begun to correct the type of bank failure that took away the life savings of Vivien Thomas’ and many other Americans. 16. On hand with cast members at the Baltimore premier will be several of the doctors who worked with Blalock, Thomas and Taussig and who still are associated with Hopkins. With the Great Depression making carpentry work scarce, he thought himself lucky to find a job as a janitor. Were they? We have not been able to find any basis in the historical record for the scenes in Something the Lord Made between Vivien Thomas and his wife and family or for the scenes between Alfred Blalock and his wife and colleagues. In 1944, in association with Dr. Helen Taussig, they designed and carried out the first blue baby operations. He did not encourage Thomas to attend college and then go to medical school. He never fulfilled his dream of becoming a doctor, but he was able to develop his talents as a scientific researcher and surgeon and make important contributions to science. The documentary, “Partners of the Heart,” is also very interesting. They usually died at a very young age. Given an honorary doctor of laws (Johns Hopkins did not give honorary doctorates in medicine), he became an instructor of surgery at Johns Hopkins Medical School. Ask and help your child to answer the Quick Discussion Question. See Discussion Questions for Use With any Film that is a Work of Fiction. Why it took so long for Thomas to receive the recognition he deserved provides an excellent window into changing attitudes concerning race in the U.S. during the 20th century. She returned to the U.S. and spread the alarm. Natural Ways to Manage Depression and Anxiety. There is no one correct response to this question. 2. In the laboratory, Vivien Thomas was always treated as an individual and with respect. This allowed Dr. Blalock to take the risk of doing harm to his patient and still act in an ethical manner. Taussig lived at a time when female doctors were a rarity. She is a qualified nurse and has written for the British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, and worked as a columnist in the Nursing Times. At birth these babies became weak and “blue,” and sooner or later all died. Helen Brooke Taussig was one of the most celebrated physicians of the twentieth century. Modern secular Western society would clearly answer the question in the negative. Film Description At the height of segregation in the United States, an unlikely alliance between a black medical genius and a white surgeon led to … On the outside, they did not socialize and Thomas was in a subservient role. Dr. Blalock never accepted Mr. Thomas as a social equal nor did he place Mr. Thomas’ name on scientific articles about the treatments that he helped develop. For more than 30 years, the two men pursued a variety of medical research projects. Selected Awards: 2004 Emmy Awards: Outstanding Made for Television Movie; Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or Movie; Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special; Directors Guild of America, DGA Award: Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Movies for Television; Writers Guild of America, USA, WGA Award (TV) Best Long Form – Original; Golden Globe Awards Nominations: Best Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television; Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television (Mos Def); 2004 Emmy Awards Nominations: Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie (both Mos Def and Alan Rickman nominated); Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special; Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special; Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special; Outstanding Single-Camera Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or a Movie; Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards, Nomination: Best Picture Made for Television; Featured Actors: Alan Rickman as Alfred Blalock; Mos Def as Vivien Thomas; Mary Stuart Masterson as Dr. Helen Taussig; Kyra Sedgwick as Mary Blalock; Merritt Wever as Mrs. Saxon; Doug Olear as Michael Saxon. In “Something the Lord Made” there are four or five occasions in which the character of Dr. Blalock used profanity. Thomas, pp. “Something the Lord Made” is a fictionalized account that accurately conveys the sense of the actual events. “Something the Lord Made” is an excellent example of a film that faithfully describes major events, captures the spirit of the times, and gives an honest portrayal of the people involved. AKA Helen Brooke Taussig. Helen B. Taussig. Taussig took the flame from these female torchbearers and lit a fire (in a fashion): she won more than 30 major awards and 20 honorary degrees. The story of Vivien Thomas and Alfred Blalock is an excellent paradigm for the study of racism in the United States during the period 1930 – 1980. Judging the new janitor by his abilities, rather than by the color of his skin, Dr. Blalock found that his employee showed immense talent as both a scientist and as a surgeon. I don’t mind that. In 1944, Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas revolutionized surgical treatment of the heart and nearby blood vessels through an improbable partnership among a white male surgeon, a white female physician, and an African-American male laboratory technician. At Vanderbilt, Dr. Blalock focused his research on the cause of traumatic shock. Recommissioned portrait by another artist on the right. There is no one right answer to this question. No questions. The Johns Hopkins Hospital named the Helen B. Taussig Congenital Heart Disease Center in her honor, and in 2005 the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine named one of its four colleges in her honor. Her grandfather, William Taussig, was a physician who worked with blind children and had a school named for him. Helen Brooke Taussig lived from 1898 to 1986 in a male-dominated medical world. Why was Nashville different than other Southern communities before the advent of the Civil Rights movement? 1. They would discuss the scientific problems that Dr. Blalock was trying to solve and together design experiments. The reason that Mr. Thomas and his fiance, Clara, were so happy that he had gotten a job, even a job as a janitor, was that jobs were hard to come by during the Great Depression. Medicine Dr. Taussig did extensive work on anoxemia, or blue baby syndrome, which led to the development of a pioneering cardiac surgical procedure for infants called the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt, first performed by Taussig and Dr. Alfred Blalock on an 11-month old baby girl on … It was said of Mr. Thomas and Dr. Blalock that “In the privacy of the lab, they made the rules. Until 1944, the heart was considered off-limits to surgeons. Apparently, this is realistic. In the Blalock/Thomas team effort, did one of the team members benefit more than the other? He served there until his retirement in 1963. There are 25 questions (at four points each) suggested for classes that have seen “Something the Lord Made” and 19 Questions (at five points each) for classes that have watched “Partners of the Heart”. Just a few months before her death, she had the honour of watching Samuel Sanders, an acclaimed pianist and one of the first “blue babies” that she had helped to survive, give a recital in her honour. (2) However, Dr. Blalock did not treat Thomas as an equal beyond the walls of the laboratory or operating room. In Dr. Blalock’s defense, it should be noted that society was probably not ready to treat Vivien Thomas as an equal to white doctors until the 1960s and 1970s. It was Vivien Thomas who repeatedly tested the surgery on the dogs whose hearts he had modified. Contracting whopping cough left her with a significant hearing loss; which, with … Vivien Thomas’ role was more unique than the role played by his brother. There was silence. Their names are placed on the papers that describe their research. The story behind the surgery was the subject of the 2004 HBO movie Something the Lord Made, filmed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. If we are unable to resolve your complaint, or if you would like more information about IPSO or the Editors’ Code, contact IPSO on 0300 123 2220 or visit ipso.co.uk. In these respects, Dr. Blalock took advantage of the color of Thomas’ skin. ALFRED BLALOCK, M.D. Based on his findings Dr. Blalock urged wider use of plasma or whole-blood transfusions to improve treatment for surgical shock. We tend to take the more charitable view of Dr. Blalock’s actions. There is no one right answer to this question. Was the first blue baby operation an experiment, as the priest charged? Deformity, meanwhile, was being detected in babies born in Germany. She needs a new ductus for them to oxygenate their blood. In 1941, Dr. Blalock returned to Johns Hopkins as surgeon-in-chief at its hospital and director of the surgery department at the medical school. HELEN B. TAUSSIG, M.D. Although Vivien Thomas was clearly Dr. Blalock’s equal as a surgeon, Dr. Blalock never acknowledged this. Before Drs. The doctor had a point, but Blalock had other considerations as well, most importantly, that the child would die without the operation. 9. 15. Helen B. Taussig was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. (2) There was no other black person that we know of who was trained or permitted to play the important role that Mr. Thomas played in scientific research in the South during the 1930s to 1950s. 7. Five young Baltimore women fundraised half a million dollars towards the construction of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, presented on the understanding that women could study there “on the same terms as men”. Upon graduation, Dr. Taussig was assigned a job no one wanted, directing the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic at Johns Hopkins. After Dr. Blalock’s retirement in 1963, Mr. Thomas remained as head of the Johns Hopkins surgical research laboratories and continued to instruct doctors training to be surgeons. 22. True caring, like true friendship, would have resulted in Dr. Blalock giving Mr. Thomas credit for his efforts in the blue baby operations. He never encouraged his assistant to return to school and obtain a medical degree. Additional questions are set out below. We saved plenty didn’t we Vivien?” What do you think that Blalock was talking about? Mr. Thomas and Dr. Blalock worked together at Vanderbilt University from 1930 to 1940. Thomas helped pioneer heart surgery, when the common wisdom among doctors was that it was impossible to work on the heart. Dr. Walter Dandy David Bailey. This web page serves as the answer key for the test/homework assignment. On one occasion, Mr. Thomas had been successful in replicating a defect in a dog’s heart without any scarring. What would have happened if either of them had not pulled his weight in the team effort? The important point is that the child would surely have died very soon without the operation. Describe the reasons for your answer. The documentary has excellent special features. 13. The development of the Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt is examined in … It contains sections on Nashville and its black community absent from the fictionalized version. (Be kind; Be compassionate and show you care; Express gratitude; Forgive others; Help people in need). Some in the medical research community have asserted that the shunt should be renamed in honor of Vivien Thomas. Open heart surgery is any surgery in which the chest wall is opened to reveal the heart. She is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the lives of children born with Tetralogy of Fallot (the most common cause of blue baby syndrome). Perhaps Dr. Blalock’s most egregious failure in his relationship with Vivien Thomas was that Dr. Blalock never encouraged or helped Thomas to go back to school and fulfill his dream of becoming a doctor and a surgeon. The same is true of Dr. Blalock’s failure to give Mr. Thomas credit for his contribution to Dr. Blalock’s discoveries. Dr. Helen Taussig Cliff McMullen. Today almost all banks have Federal deposit insurance which protects deposits up to the amount of $100,000. Birthplace: Cambridge, MA Location of death: Kennett Square, PA Cause of death: Accident - Automobi. That Thomas was talented and that he was someone Dr. Blalock could train to be a good lab technician. In 1954, Blalock received the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award "For distinguished contributions to cardiovascular surgery and knowledge" jointly with Helen Taussig and Robert Gross. In the 2004 HBO movie Something the Lord Made, Dr. Taussig was portrayed by Mary Stuart Masterson. At the same time, because of segregation, there were many opportunities that were not open to Mr. Thomas. Helen Taussig (Mary Stuart Masterson), the pediatrician/cardiologist at Johns Hopkins, challenges Blalock to come up with a surgical solution for her Blue Babies. He discovered that people went into shock due to loss of blood or other fluids. The drug was a tranquilizer that had been aggressively marketed in Europe. In the 2004 HBO movie Something the Lord Made about the life of Vivien Thomas, Dr. Taussig was portrayed by Mary Stuart Masterson. The failure of the bank where Mr. Thomas put his money is an example of one of the worst effects of the Great Depression. Mr. Thomas did have to moonlight for a short time selling pharmaceuticals to doctors and he did have to complain to Dr. Blalock of his need for more money before Dr. Blalock increased his salary. The information covered in this test/homework assignment is contained in the Helpful Background section and the movies. Was the priest right that Dr. Blalock was arrogant and vain? Launched in 1922, Reader's Digest has built 90 years of trust with a loyal audience and has become the largest circulating magazine in the world, Reader’s Digest is a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (which regulates the UK’s magazine and newspaper industry). The doctors who Dr. Thomas helped to train, including some of the most prominent surgeons in the country, commissioned his portrait and saw to it that the painting was placed next to Dr. Blalock’s portrait as an honored member of the Johns Hopkins staff. The term “open” refers to the chest, not to the heart itself. What role did racism play in the fact that Dr. Blalock was able to keep Vivien Thomas as a lab assistant for so many decades and benefit from Thomas’ work without giving him credit? After graduation from medical school, Dr. Taussig had to contend with the loss of her hearing. Taussig identified thalidomide (a drug given to mothers to treat everything from morning sickness to insomnia and cough) as the culprit, causing its withdrawal from sale. 21. Johns Hopkins has established the Vivien Thomas Fund which is “committed to reaching out aggressively to under-represented minorities to ensure the broadest possible talent pool in academic medicine and biomedical science.” There is also a Vivien Thomas Young Investigator Award established by the Council on Cardio-thoracic and Vascular Surgery to acknowledge the accomplishments of young investigators focused on fundamental and applied surgical research. Afterwards, Thomas trained young doctors at Johns Hopkins Medical School in methods of heart surgery. Her mother died when she was 11; Taussig was also severely dyslexic, describing reading as “pure torture”, like “running an obstacle course”. The right answer is that even if injustice will be corrected gradually, in most cases, people must compel a change to occur or it will never happen or it will happen too slowly. Possible Problems It was the beginning of the Great Depression and jobs were scarce. Another example of this problem is shown in Hidden Figures. Dr. Levi Watkins, one of the first black graduates of the Johns Hopkins surgery program said this about Vivien Thomas: “I think he is the most untalked about, unappreciated, unknown giant in the African American community. In 1959, he and Taussig jointly received Gairdner Foundation Award (Toronto) totaling $25,000. Helen Brooke Taussig was an American physician, cardiologist, educator and author recognized as the founder of pediatric cardiology, best known for her contributions to the development of the first successful treatment of “blue baby” syndrome. This would have meant that Dr. Blalock would have helped Mr. Thomas go to college and medical school so that he could become a surgeon. White lab coats were worn by doctors or people performing a task that required expertise. The movie will air on HBO on May 30, 2004, at 9 p.m. Premiers also will be held in New York City and Los Angeles. Vivien Thomas came to work for Dr. Blaylock as a janitor at Vanderbilt, and it was there that Dr. Blaylock trained Vivien Thomas in scientific research and surgery. Still, Dr. Blalock did a lot for Mr. Thomas, in return for what Mr. Thomas did for him. Located in the dreary basement of the hospital, the clinic served extremely ill children. At the beginning, the sequence of events by which young Vivien Thomas came to work for Dr. Blalock is mixed up a bit. When attending lectures, women were asked to sit separately from men, so as “not to contaminate the male students”. None of these inventions or inaccuracies change the important elements of the story and all serve to advance the plot or highlight the lessons to be learned from the real story. A good answer will refer to the facts that: (1) Most white doctors in the South in the 1930s and 40s would not have trained a black man with only a high school education to become a full-fledged participant in pioneering scientific research. Blalock and Taussig by which blue babies are temporarily given increased blood flow to the lungs so that they can live long enough for additional surgery to more permanently correct the function of their hearts is called the Blalock-Taussig Shunt. (However, it should be noted that Dr. Blalock gave Mr. Thomas an incredible gift by training him as a lab technician and surgeon in days when most Southern whites didn’t think that blacks could handle that type of work.). A good answer will point out at least the following two facts: (1) Dr. Blalock received the larger salary and the kudos as the scientist who discovered new treatments. Surely there had to be a way to “change the pipes around” to bring more blood to their lungs, Taussig said. Young Olga Thomas John Leslie Wolfe. Friends nurture each other. I thought it was different in here.” What did he mean? The term “open” refers to the chest not to the heart itself. Banks, having invested their depositors’ money in businesses that went under or in real estate that had depreciated in value, became insolvent and simply shut their doors. In 1965 she became the first woman president of the American Heart Association. Shortly after an epidemic of children born with flipper-like limbs, heart defects, and other malformations broke out in Europe, a student told Dr. Taussig about a possible link between the defects and thalidomide. Maryland was a Border State during the Civil War and racially segregated in the period 1940 – 1965. 20. To me, Taussig is a true inspiration. For versions of the test/assignment suitable to be passed out to students, see Something the Lord Made Comprehension Test/Homework Assignment and Partners of the Heart Comprehension Test/Homework Assignment. * Diane Varsi - Movie Actress * Charley - Steinbeck's Poodle * Dr. Helen Taussig MD- Heart Researcher * Dr. Alfred Blalock MD- Heart Surgeon * Dr. Vivien Thomas PhD- Medical Researcher * Paul Iams - Businessman (Pet food) * 6 Bishops of the Diocese of Camden - Bishop Bartholomew Eustace - Archbishop Celestine Damiano - Bishop Justin McCarthy At Johns Hopkins, Dr. Blalock, Vivien Thomas, and Dr. Helen Taussig, a pediatric heart specialist, developed a shunt technique to treat blue baby syndrome. The only regrets that relate to the film would be due to Dr. Blalock’s failure to encourage and help Mr. Thomas to become a surgeon. Zoe Buck. As a doctor she overcame her own double disability to devise a procedure that saved the lives of countless babies. Black firemen secured the neighborhoods. It probably was a combination of the two. Dr. Blalock and Mr. Thomas were a team. On the whole, TeachWithMovies.com recommends the dramatic version. Dr. Taussig is credited with preventing large numbers of birth defects from thalidomide in the U.S. Dr. Taussig received many awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest award that can be given to a civilian. Yet, Dr. Blalock, who came from a wealthy Southern family, never paid Vivien Thomas a salary commensurate with his responsibilities or his contribution. Open heart surgery includes surgery on the blood vessels leading to and from the heart. Discussion Questions But even if Mr. Thomas had not gone to college or medical school because he had a responsibility to take care of his family, it was Dr. Blalock’s responsibility to encourage Mr. Thomas and use his best efforts to make it easier for Mr. Thomas to go to school by offering to help Mr. Thomas get a scholarship and financial aid. Many religious people would take the position taken by Eileen’s mother, that the operation itself and the possibility of the operation was an expression of God’s will. It is said that Vivien Thomas opened new paths to healing when most doors were closed to him. By working at the cutting edge of medical research, becoming an expert in surgery, and inventing new surgical techniques, Vivien Thomas demonstrated that blacks could perform surgery and conduct scientific research as well as any white man. This enabled Mr. Thomas (later Dr. Thomas) to contribute to society and to partially fulfill his potential. We abide by the Editors’ Code of Practice and are committed to upholding the highest standards of journalism. Mr. Thomas would, for example, operate on dogs to recreate the conditions that Dr. Blalock was studying and then record the results of experiments searching for a cure for those conditions. A good answer will include a reference to the concept of nurturing. The procedure pioneered by Drs. Recognition when their names are placed on Vivien Thomas and Drs contributions to every phase of the heart,! 1940 – 1965 based on how blacks were treated after 1965 on this topic is so it... Nor did Dr. Blalock failed to treat Mr. Thomas been a physician who worked with children... In babies born in Germany period 1940 – 1965 contact 0203 289 0940 of the scientific community require that who. College and then go to medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Border State during summer! S Pearl High School students to Morehouse college for six weeks during the after... 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